30亿无息贷款巴拿马

A. 大国角逐，巴拿马运河是如何落入美国手中的

美国比较有实力，而且有经济条件的支持，很多大国都无法和美国长久的争夺下去，在美国志在必得的强势力量之下，最终很多大国都以失败而告终，是美国一手策划了巴拿马走向独立，还获得了运河区的租界权，于是后来便落入到了美国手中。

巴拿马运河是人工通航河道，既有极高的战略价值。谁拿到了运河控制权，谁就扼住了运河连接地区的咽喉，所以很多大国都想要争夺巴拿马运河。

于是美国接盘了运河，确立运河霸权地。美国为了接盘巴拿马运河，还和巴拿马的主权政府签订了《海–艾兰条约》，但是哥伦比亚不同意。后来美国在巴拿马做军事演习，实际上是武力威胁，哥伦比亚最终被迫承认了巴拿马的独立。

就这样，美国控制了运河区，一手策划巴拿马走向独立。巴拿马在独立之后，为了感谢美国的帮助，与其签订了不平等条约《海布诺瓦里条约》，将运河区的永久租界权卖给了美国。于是巴拿马运河就这样落入到了美国手中。

B. 外企高管每月工资是多少

高管不讲月薪，讲年收入（包括薪水、福利、奖金）。所谓高管，至少是总监级别。一般中等规模以上的外企，中国籍的高管，不包括股票的话（股票这东西很难量化）年薪在一百万以上。

总监七八十万到两三百万都有。如果到副总乃至总经理的话，两百万到五百万都可能。如果是小规模的外企，那就范围很大了。利润高的小公司，高管收入丝毫不比大公司的低，利润低的话，那可能所谓的“高管“，收入上也就是相当于大公司的一个中层经理。

员工股权激励

每年按11月份股价锁定，员工按工资百分比存钱，次年11月存钱结束，决定是否按锁定价购买股票。不是想存多少就存多少的，而是按工资的百分比。股票分红会以购买股票的方式到账，员工随时可以卖出股票，离开公司必须卖出。

另外还有一些政策加班费，平常加班按工资1.5倍支付，周末加班2倍，法定假日3倍。一周上五天班，休2天，每个法定节日200元过节费。长期服务奖，满10年，15年，20年发金牌，千足金。10年20克，后面会增加重量。

最后说一下个人所得税，公司是严格缴税，所有以现金形式拿到的钱都要计入个人所得税缴税基数里面。

C. 中国免除非洲17国23债务有多少钱

——我们共同聚焦发展合作。中非双方继续推进基础设施建设合作，达喀尔会议以来，又建成了塞内加尔方久尼大桥、肯尼亚机场快速路、喀麦隆克里比—罗拉贝高速公路、埃及“斋月十日城”市郊铁路等一大批重大项目，有力助推非洲工业化进程。中方在达喀尔会议上做出的承诺都在克服困难干扰，稳步落实当中。中方向非洲金融机构提供100亿美元授信额度已落实超过30亿美元，向非洲重点项目贷款近25亿美元；中方向非洲提供100亿美元贸易融资额度已安排超过20亿美元，7个月内自非洲进口商品总额达706亿美元，中国企业对非投资21.7亿美元。我们已准备好通过国际货币基金组织（IMF）的两个信托渠道向非洲转借100亿美元特别提款权

D. 我要作一张时政小报,给个素材(追100分)

中非关系友好发展
各位同事、各位朋友！
今年正值新中国同非洲国家开启外交关系50周年。中国与非洲虽然远隔重洋，但中非人民友谊源远流长、历久弥坚。在漫漫历史长河中，中非人民自强不息、坚忍不拔，创造了各具特色、绚烂多彩的古代文明。近代以来，中非人民不甘奴役、顽强抗争，谱写了追求自由解放、捍卫人类尊严的光辉篇章，创造了国家建设、民族振兴的辉煌历史。中国和非洲的发展进步，为推进人类文明进步事业作出了重大贡献。
Dear colleagues and friends,
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the inauguration of diplomatic ties between New China and African countries. Though vast oceans keep China and Africa far apart, the friendship between our peoples has a long history and, having been tested by times, is strong and vigorous. In the long course of history, the Chinese and African peoples, with an unyielding and tenacious spirit, created splendid and distinctive ancient civilizations. In the modern era, our peoples launched unremitting and heroic struggle against subjugation, and have written a glorious chapter in the course of pursuing freedom and liberation, upholding human dignity, and striving for economic development and national rejuvenation. The progress and development of China and Africa are a major contribution to the advancement of human civilisation.

50年来，中非人民紧密团结，中非友好不断深化。中非各领域交流合作全面发展，取得了丰硕成果。中非在国际事务中相互信任、协调配合，共同维护发展中国家的正当权益。
中国始终坚定支持非洲民族解放和国家建设，从培训技术人员到培训各类人才，从援建坦赞铁路到援建各项工程，从派遣医疗队员到派遣维和官兵，都体现了中国人民对非洲人民的情谊。中国人民不会忘记非洲朋友当年全力支持中华人民共和国恢复在联合国的合法席位，不会忘记非洲国家和人民真诚希望中国完成和平统一大业、热切盼望中国实现现代化建设的宏伟目标。
During the past five decades, the Chinese and African peoples have forged close unity, and our friendship has flourished. China-Africa exchanges and cooperation have grown in all fields and yielded fruitful results. In international affairs, China and Africa enjoy trust and cooperate closely to uphold the legitimate rights and interests of the developing world.
In all these years, China has firmly supported Africa in winning liberation and pursuing development. China has trained technical personnel and other professionals in various fields for Africa. It has built the Tanzara Railway and other infrastructural projects and sent medical teams and peacekeepers to Africa. All this testifies to the friendship cherished by the Chinese people towards the African people. We in China will not forget Africa's full support for restoring the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations. Nor will we forget the sincere and ardent wish of African countries and people for China to realise complete and peaceful reunification and achieve the goal of building a modern nation.
今天，中非友好已深深扎根在双方人民心中。中非友好之所以能够经受住历史岁月和国际风云变幻的考验，关键是我们在发展相互关系中始终坚持真诚友好、平等相待、相互支持、共同发展的正确原则。
——真诚友好，是中非友谊不断加强的坚实基础。我们双方都珍视中非传统友谊，诚心诚意致力于中非友好事业。
——平等相待，是中非互信日益增进的重要保证。我们双方都尊重对方自主选择的发展道路，高度重视对方的关切，认真学习对方的发展经验。
——相互支持，是中非合作长盛不衰的不竭动力。我们双方都衷心希望并真心支持对方发展进步，积极开展全方位合作。
——共同发展，是中非人民孜孜以求的共同目标。我们双方都坚持互利互惠的友好合作，让发展成果惠及双方人民。
Today, China-Africa friendship is deeply rooted in the hearts of our two peoples, and our friendship has enred the test of time and changes in the world. This is because we have never strayed from the principle of enhancing friendship, treating each other as equals, extending mutual support and promoting common development in building our ties.
- Friendship provides a solid foundation for reinforcing China- Africa friendly ties. We both value our traditional friendship and are committed to enhancing it.
- Treating each other as equals is crucial for ensuring mutual trust. We both respect the development path independently embarked upon by the other side. We both are serious in addressing each other's concerns and are eager to benefit from each other's practice in development.
- Mutual support is the driving force behind the ever growing China-Africa cooperation. We both wish to see progress in the development endeavour of the other side and sincerely support such endeavour. And we are engaged in comprehensive cooperation.
- Common development is the shared aspiration of the Chinese and African peoples. We are committed to pursuing mutually beneficial cooperation to bring the benefits of development to our peoples.
各位同事、各位朋友！
当前，国际形势正在发生深刻而复杂的变化。和平、发展、合作是当今时代的主旋律。世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势深入发展，科技进步日新月异，区域合作方兴未艾，各国相互依存不断加深，这些都为世界各国带来了难得的发展机遇。同时，全球发展不均衡，南北差距拉大，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，影响世界和平与发展的不稳定不确定因素增多，广大发展中国家实现可持续发展面临着严峻挑战。
中国是最大的发展中国家，非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆，中国和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。没有中国和非洲的和平与发展，就没有世界的和平与发展。
Dear colleagues and friends,
The world today is undergoing profound and complex changes. But peace, development and cooperation remain the calling of the times. There is a growing trend towards multipolarity and economic globalization. Science and technology are making daily advance, regional cooperation is deepening and there is increasing interdependence among nations. All this has created rare development opportunities for the international community. On the other hand, imbalance in global development, widening gap between North and South, the combination of traditional and non-traditional security threats as well as increasing factors of instability and uncertainty standing in the way of peace and development all pose a daunting challenge to developing countries in their pursuit of sustainable development.
China is the largest developing country, and Africa is home to the largest number of developing countries. Our combined population accounts for over a third of the world total. Without peace and development in China and Africa, there will be no global peace and development.
在新形势下，中非共同利益在扩大，相互需求在增加。建立中非新型战略伙伴关系是中非合作的内在需要，也是促进世界和平与发展的必然要求。中非关系不断发展，不仅有利于中国和非洲的发展进步，而且有利于促进发展中国家的团结合作，有利于推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。为进一步发展中非新型战略伙伴关系，中国愿同非洲国家在以下领域加强合作。
第一，深化平等互信的政治关系。保持高层互访和交往势头，建立定期高层政治对话机制，开展战略对话，增强政治互信，加深传统友谊，实现团结共进。
第二，拓展互利共赢的经济合作。发挥各自优势，密切经贸联系，拓宽合作领域，支持双方企业合作，提升人力资源开发合作水平，积极探索新的合作方式，共享发展成果。
第三，扩大相互借鉴的文化交流。加强人文对话，增进双方人民特别是青年一代的相互了解和友谊，加强教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育、旅游等领域的交流合作，为中非合作提供精神动力和文化支持。
第四，推动均衡和谐的全球发展。加强南南合作，推动南北对话，呼吁发达国家切实兑现市场准入、增加援助、减免债务等承诺，落实千年发展目标，促进经济全球化朝着有利于实现各国共同繁荣的方向发展。
第五，加强相互支持的国际合作。维护联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，尊重世界多样性，促进国际关系民主化，倡导互信互利的国际安全合作，加强磋商和协调，照顾彼此关切，共同应对各类全球性安全威胁和挑战。

In this new era, China and Africa share increasing common interests and have a growing mutual need. The forging of a new type of China-Africa strategic partnership is determined by the dynamics of China-Africa cooperation, and it represents our wish to promote global peace and development. Building strong ties between China and Africa will not only promote development of each side, but also help cement unity and cooperation among developing countries and contribute to establishing a just and equitable new international political and economic order. To enhance this new type of strategic partnership, China will strengthen cooperation with Africa in the following fields:
First, deepen political relation of equality and mutual trust. We will maintain high-level contacts and mutual visits, establish a regular high-level political dialogue mechanism and conct strategic dialogue to enhance mutual political trust and traditional friendship and achieve common progress through unity.
Second, broaden win-win economic cooperation. We will give full play to our respective strength, enhance economic and trade ties, broaden areas of cooperation, support cooperation between our business communities, upgrade cooperation in human resources development and explore new ways of cooperation so that both sides will share the benefits of development.
Third, expand exchange for cultural enrichment. We will strengthen cultural and people-to-people exchanges to increase mutual understanding and friendship between our two peoples and particularly between the younger generation. We will enhance exchanges and cooperation in ecation, science and technology, culture, public health, sports and tourism to provide intellectual motivation and cultural support for China-Africa cooperation.
Fourth, promote balanced and harmonious global development. We will enhance South-South cooperation and promote North-South dialogue. We urge developed countries to honour their promises on market access, aid and debt relief. We should strive to meet the Millennium Development Goals and steer economic globalisation in the direction of creating prosperity for all.
Fifth, strengthen cooperation and mutual support in international affairs. We are committed to upholding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, respecting diversity of the world and promoting democracy in international relations. We call for enhancing international security cooperation based on mutual trust and benefit and addressing each other's concerns through consultation and coordination so that we can jointly respond to threats and challenges to global security.
各位同事、各位朋友！
中国珍视中非友谊，始终把加强同非洲国家的团结合作作为中国外交政策的重要组成部分。中国将一如既往地支持非洲实施非洲发展新伙伴计划，支持非洲国家为加强联合自强、谋求地区和平稳定、实现经济振兴、提高国际地位所做的积极努力。
Dear colleagues and friends,
China values its friendship with Africa. To strengthen unity and cooperation with Africa is a key principle guiding China's foreign policy. China will continue to support Africa in implementing the New Partnership for Africa's Development and in its effort to strengthen itself through unity, achieve peace and stability and economic revitalisation in the region and raise its international standing.
为推动中非新型战略伙伴关系发展，促进中非在更大范围、更广领域、更高层次上的合作，中国政府将采取以下8个方面的政策措施。
（一）扩大对非洲援助规模，到2009年使中国对非洲国家的援助规模比2006年增加1倍。
（二）今后3年内向非洲国家提供30亿美元的优惠贷款和20亿美元的优惠出口买方信贷。
（三）为鼓励和支持中国企业到非洲投资，设立中非发展基金，基金总额逐步达到50亿美元，
（四）为支持非洲国家联合自强和一体化进程，援助建设非洲联盟会议中心。
（五）免除同中国有外交关系的所有非洲重债穷国和最不发达国家截至2005年底到期的政府无息贷款债务。
（六）进一步向非洲开放市场，把同中国有外交关系的非洲最不发达国家输华商品零关税待遇受惠商品由190个税目扩大到440多个。
（七）今后3年内在非洲国家建立3—5个境外经济贸易合作区。
（八）今后3年内为非洲培训培养15000名各类人才；向非洲派遣100名高级农业技术专家；在非洲建立10个有特色的农业技术示范中心；为非洲援助30所医院，并提供3亿元人民币无偿援款帮助非洲防治疟疾，用于提供青蒿素药品及设立30个抗疟中心；向非洲派遣300名青年志愿者；为非洲援助100所农村学校；在2009年之前，向非洲留学生提供中国政府奖学金名额由目前的每年2000人次增加到4000人次。
To forge a new type of China-Africa strategic partnership and strengthen our cooperation in more areas and at a higher level, the Chinese Government will take the following eight steps:
1. Double its 2006 assistance to Africa by 2009.
2. Provide US$3 billion of preferential loans and US$2 billion of preferential buyer's credits to Africa in the next three years.
3. Set up a China-Africa development fund which will reach US$5 billion to encourage Chinese companies to invest in Africa and provide support to them.
4. Build a conference centre for the African Union to support African countries in their efforts to strengthen themselves through unity and support the process of African integration.
5. Cancel debt in the form of all the interest-free government loans that matured at the end of 2005 owed by the heavily indebted poor countries and the least developed countries in Africa that have diplomatic relations with China.
6. Further open up China's market to Africa by increasing from 190 to over 440 the number of export items to China receiving zero-tariff treatment from the least developed countries in Africa having diplomatic ties with China.
7. Establish three to five trade and economic cooperation zones in Africa in the next three years.
8. Over the next three years, train 15,000 African professionals; send 100 senior agricultural experts to Africa; set up 10 special agricultural technology demonstration centres in Africa; build 30 hospitals in Africa and provide RMB 300 million of grant for providing artemisinin and building 30 malaria prevention and treatment centres to fight malaria in Africa; dispatch 300 youth volunteers to Africa; build 100 rural schools in Africa; and increase the number of Chinese government scholarships to African students from the current 2000 per year to 4000 per year by 2009.
各位同事、各位朋友！
中国和非洲都是人类文明的发祥地，都是充满希望的热土。共同的命运、共同的目标把我们紧紧团结在一起。中国永远是非洲的好朋友、好伙伴、好兄弟。
让我们携手并肩、昂首阔步，为实现中非发展，为造福中非人民，为推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而共同努力！
谢谢大家。
Dear colleagues and friends,
Both China and Africa are cradles of human civilisation and lands of great promise. Common destiny and common goals have brought us together. China will remain a close friend, reliable partner and good brother of Africa.
Let's join hands and endeavour to promote development in both China and Africa, improve the well-being of our peoples and build a harmonious world of enring peace and common prosperity!
Thank you.
尊敬的梅莱斯总理，
尊敬的各位同事、各位嘉宾，
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
今天是值得历史记住的日子。我们中非领导人本着友谊、和平、合作、发展的宗旨，相聚北京，共叙友情，共商推动中非关系发展、促进发展中国家团结合作的大计。首先，我谨代表中国政府和中国人民，并以我个人的名义，对各位同事和嘉宾前来出席会议，表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢！我还要通过在座的非洲各国领导人，向兄弟的非洲人民转达中国人民的亲切问候和良好祝愿！
2000年10月，中非共同倡议成立了中非合作论坛。这是中非深化传统友谊、加强友好合作的重大举措。6年来，论坛先后在北京和亚的斯亚贝巴成功举办了两届部长级会议，已成为中国同非洲国家开展集体对话、交流治国理政经验、增进相互信任、进行务实合作的重要平台和有效机制。
Your Excellency Prime Minister Meles Zenawi,
Distinguished colleagues and guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,
Our meeting today will go down in history. We, leaders of China and African countries, in a common pursuit of friendship, peace, cooperation and development, are gathered in Beijing today to renew friendship, discuss ways of growing China-Africa relations and promote unity and cooperation among developing countries. On behalf of the Chinese Government and people and in my own name, I wish to extend a very warm welcome to you and deep appreciation to you for attending the Summit. I also want to extend, through the African leaders present today, the cordial greetings and best wishes of the Chinese people to the brotherly African people.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was jointly set up by China and Africa in October 2000, a major initiative taken to promote traditional China-Africa friendship and cooperation. In the six years since then, two ministerial conferences have been held, first in Beijing and then in Addis Ababa. Today, the Forum serves as an important platform and effective mechanism for concting collective dialogue, exchanging experience in governance and enhancing mutual trust and cooperation in practical terms between China and African countries.

E. 世界银行是什么样的一个机构为什么我国有些项目的建设要向世界银行贷款

如果你对世界银行、国家开发银行了解一些就会知道，这类银行是严格限定贷款种类和范围的，主要是支持基础建设，解决民生、商业银行不愿意进入的领域的项目，周期长、收益小、社会效益大的项目。这类银行的主要特点除了以上几点外就是贷前审查严格，对于项目评价更专业，据说要是想进世界银行，最少要在项目评价部门工作八年以上，并且要有一定的资历才行的。这类银行的最大不同就是贷款利率上。比如在建设三峡工程时，在其他商业银行还在犹豫时，国家开发银行给三峡工程一次贷款300亿并且给予了很大的利率优惠，对三峡的建设启动资金有很大的帮助。同样世界银行的利率也是优惠的，甚至有些是无利息的，所以这就是这类银行的主要特点。

世界银行的总部设在华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。

F. 相关部门如何回应30亿美元无息贷款促使中巴建交

据报道，6月13日中国和巴拿马签署建交联合公报，决定自公报签署之日起相互承认并建立外交关系。同时，巴拿马共和国政府断绝同台湾的所谓“外交关系”，并承诺不再同台湾发生任何官方关系，不进行任何官方往来，对此有媒体称是大陆有提供30亿美元的无息贷款而促使的中巴建交。

G. 中国对非洲的几项援非政策具体是什么

(一)扩大对非洲援助规模，到2009年使中国对非洲国家的援助规模比2006年增加1倍；

(二)今后3年内向非洲国家提供30亿美元的优惠贷款和20亿美元的优惠出口买方信贷；

(三)为鼓励和支持中国企业到非洲投资，设立中非发展基金，基金总额逐步达到50亿美元；

(四)为支持非洲国家联合自强和一体化进程，援助建设非洲联盟会议中心；

(五)免除同中国有外交关系的所有非洲重债穷国和最不发达国家截至2005年底到期的政府无息贷款债务；

(六)进一步向非洲开放市场，把同中国有外交关系的非洲最不发达国家输华商品零关税待遇受惠商品由190个税目扩大到440多个；

(七)今后3年内在非洲国家建立3至5个境外经济贸易合作区；

(八)今后3年内为非洲培训培养15000名各类人才；向非洲派遣100名高级农业技术专家；在非洲建立10个有特色的农业技术示范中心；为非洲援助30所医院，并提供3亿元人民币无偿援款帮助非洲防治疟疾，用于提供青蒿素药品及设立30个抗疟中心；向非洲派遣300名青年志愿者；为非洲援助100所农村学校；在2009年之前，向非洲留学生提供中国政府奖学金名额由目前的每年2000人次增加到4000人次。

H. 中非基金一年能挣多少

中非基金一年能挣多少是要看个人的，不能确定具体的数值。中非发展基金采取独立运作、市场化运作、自担风险的方式进行运作和管理，非直接投资通过股权投资、准股权投资、基金投资，发挥桥梁作用，引导支持更多中国企业投资非洲，非洲投资咨询基金可为国内外相关政府、机构和企业提供与非洲相关的各类咨询服务，包括非洲信息咨询服务、投资银行业务、交易机会匹配、规划咨询等。
一、中国政府将扩大对非洲的援助规模
到2009年，援助规模将是今年的两倍。中国将在未来3年向非洲国家提供30亿美元贷款，以及20亿美元优惠出口买方信贷。另又设立总额达50亿美元的中非发展基金。同时，中国将免除所有非洲邦交国中的"重债穷国"和最不发达国家2005年底到期的政府无息贷款债务。胡锦涛宣布，为推动中非新型战略伙伴关系发展。
二、2006年11月4日
中国政府在中非论坛北京峰会上宣布，为推动中非新型战略伙伴关系发展，促进中非在更大范围、更广领域、更高层次上的合作，中国政府将采取8个方面的政策措施。其中第3项是：“为鼓励和支持中国企业到非洲投资，设立中非发展基金，基金总额逐步达到50亿美元”。中非发展基金的设立是2006年中非合作论坛北京峰会上中国政府宣布的对非务实合作的重要举措之一，也是中国第一支专注于非洲投资的股权基金。
综上所述，投资有风险，大部分基金不承诺保本，即使保本基金有持有期限等保本条件，以基金公司公告为准。如需查询基金历史净值，可登录网上银行，点击投资管理-基金-基金首页-基金产品-基金简称-历史净值查询。