A. 大國角逐,巴拿馬運河是如何落入美國手中的
美國比較有實力,而且有經濟條件的支持,很多大國都無法和美國長久的爭奪下去,在美國志在必得的強勢力量之下,最終很多大國都以失敗而告終,是美國一手策劃了巴拿馬走向獨立,還獲得了運河區的租界權,於是後來便落入到了美國手中。
巴拿馬運河是人工通航河道,既有極高的戰略價值。誰拿到了運河控制權,誰就扼住了運河連接地區的咽喉,所以很多大國都想要爭奪巴拿馬運河。
於是美國接盤了運河,確立運河霸權地。美國為了接盤巴拿馬運河,還和巴拿馬的主權政府簽訂了《海–艾蘭條約》,但是哥倫比亞不同意。後來美國在巴拿馬做軍事演習,實際上是武力威脅,哥倫比亞最終被迫承認了巴拿馬的獨立。
就這樣,美國控制了運河區,一手策劃巴拿馬走向獨立。巴拿馬在獨立之後,為了感謝美國的幫助,與其簽訂了不平等條約《海布諾瓦里條約》,將運河區的永久租界權賣給了美國。於是巴拿馬運河就這樣落入到了美國手中。
B. 外企高管每月工資是多少
高管不講月薪,講年收入(包括薪水、福利、獎金)。所謂高管,至少是總監級別。一般中等規模以上的外企,中國籍的高管,不包括股票的話(股票這東西很難量化)年薪在一百萬以上。
總監七八十萬到兩三百萬都有。如果到副總乃至總經理的話,兩百萬到五百萬都可能。如果是小規模的外企,那就範圍很大了。利潤高的小公司,高管收入絲毫不比大公司的低,利潤低的話,那可能所謂的「高管「,收入上也就是相當於大公司的一個中層經理。
員工股權激勵
每年按11月份股價鎖定,員工按工資百分比存錢,次年11月存錢結束,決定是否按鎖定價購買股票。不是想存多少就存多少的,而是按工資的百分比。股票分紅會以購買股票的方式到賬,員工隨時可以賣出股票,離開公司必須賣出。
另外還有一些政策加班費,平常加班按工資1.5倍支付,周末加班2倍,法定假日3倍。一周上五天班,休2天,每個法定節日200元過節費。長期服務獎,滿10年,15年,20年發金牌,千足金。10年20克,後面會增加重量。
最後說一下個人所得稅,公司是嚴格繳稅,所有以現金形式拿到的錢都要計入個人所得稅繳稅基數裡面。
C. 中國免除非洲17國23債務有多少錢
——我們共同聚焦發展合作。中非雙方繼續推進基礎設施建設合作,達喀爾會議以來,又建成了塞內加爾方久尼大橋、肯亞機場快速路、喀麥隆克里比—羅拉貝高速公路、埃及「齋月十日城」市郊鐵路等一大批重大項目,有力助推非洲工業化進程。中方在達喀爾會議上做出的承諾都在克服困難干擾,穩步落實當中。中方向非洲金融機構提供100億美元授信額度已落實超過30億美元,向非洲重點項目貸款近25億美元;中方向非洲提供100億美元貿易融資額度已安排超過20億美元,7個月內自非洲進口商品總額達706億美元,中國企業對非投資21.7億美元。我們已准備好通過國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的兩個信託渠道向非洲轉借100億美元特別提款權
D. 我要作一張時政小報,給個素材(追100分)
中非關系友好發展
各位同事、各位朋友!
今年正值新中國同非洲國家開啟外交關系50周年。中國與非洲雖然遠隔重洋,但中非人民友誼源遠流長、歷久彌堅。在漫漫歷史長河中,中非人民自強不息、堅忍不拔,創造了各具特色、絢爛多彩的古代文明。近代以來,中非人民不甘奴役、頑強抗爭,譜寫了追求自由解放、捍衛人類尊嚴的光輝篇章,創造了國家建設、民族振興的輝煌歷史。中國和非洲的發展進步,為推進人類文明進步事業作出了重大貢獻。
Dear colleagues and friends,
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the inauguration of diplomatic ties between New China and African countries. Though vast oceans keep China and Africa far apart, the friendship between our peoples has a long history and, having been tested by times, is strong and vigorous. In the long course of history, the Chinese and African peoples, with an unyielding and tenacious spirit, created splendid and distinctive ancient civilizations. In the modern era, our peoples launched unremitting and heroic struggle against subjugation, and have written a glorious chapter in the course of pursuing freedom and liberation, upholding human dignity, and striving for economic development and national rejuvenation. The progress and development of China and Africa are a major contribution to the advancement of human civilisation.
50年來,中非人民緊密團結,中非友好不斷深化。中非各領域交流合作全面發展,取得了豐碩成果。中非在國際事務中相互信任、協調配合,共同維護發展中國家的正當權益。
中國始終堅定支持非洲民族解放和國家建設,從培訓技術人員到培訓各類人才,從援建坦贊鐵路到援建各項工程,從派遣醫療隊員到派遣維和官兵,都體現了中國人民對非洲人民的情誼。中國人民不會忘記非洲朋友當年全力支持中華人民共和國恢復在聯合國的合法席位,不會忘記非洲國家和人民真誠希望中國完成和平統一大業、熱切盼望中國實現現代化建設的宏偉目標。
During the past five decades, the Chinese and African peoples have forged close unity, and our friendship has flourished. China-Africa exchanges and cooperation have grown in all fields and yielded fruitful results. In international affairs, China and Africa enjoy trust and cooperate closely to uphold the legitimate rights and interests of the developing world.
In all these years, China has firmly supported Africa in winning liberation and pursuing development. China has trained technical personnel and other professionals in various fields for Africa. It has built the Tanzara Railway and other infrastructural projects and sent medical teams and peacekeepers to Africa. All this testifies to the friendship cherished by the Chinese people towards the African people. We in China will not forget Africa's full support for restoring the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations. Nor will we forget the sincere and ardent wish of African countries and people for China to realise complete and peaceful reunification and achieve the goal of building a modern nation.
今天,中非友好已深深紮根在雙方人民心中。中非友好之所以能夠經受住歷史歲月和國際風雲變幻的考驗,關鍵是我們在發展相互關系中始終堅持真誠友好、平等相待、相互支持、共同發展的正確原則。
——真誠友好,是中非友誼不斷加強的堅實基礎。我們雙方都珍視中非傳統友誼,誠心誠意致力於中非友好事業。
——平等相待,是中非互信日益增進的重要保證。我們雙方都尊重對方自主選擇的發展道路,高度重視對方的關切,認真學習對方的發展經驗。
——相互支持,是中非合作長盛不衰的不竭動力。我們雙方都衷心希望並真心支持對方發展進步,積極開展全方位合作。
——共同發展,是中非人民孜孜以求的共同目標。我們雙方都堅持互利互惠的友好合作,讓發展成果惠及雙方人民。
Today, China-Africa friendship is deeply rooted in the hearts of our two peoples, and our friendship has enred the test of time and changes in the world. This is because we have never strayed from the principle of enhancing friendship, treating each other as equals, extending mutual support and promoting common development in building our ties.
- Friendship provides a solid foundation for reinforcing China- Africa friendly ties. We both value our traditional friendship and are committed to enhancing it.
- Treating each other as equals is crucial for ensuring mutual trust. We both respect the development path independently embarked upon by the other side. We both are serious in addressing each other's concerns and are eager to benefit from each other's practice in development.
- Mutual support is the driving force behind the ever growing China-Africa cooperation. We both wish to see progress in the development endeavour of the other side and sincerely support such endeavour. And we are engaged in comprehensive cooperation.
- Common development is the shared aspiration of the Chinese and African peoples. We are committed to pursuing mutually beneficial cooperation to bring the benefits of development to our peoples.
各位同事、各位朋友!
當前,國際形勢正在發生深刻而復雜的變化。和平、發展、合作是當今時代的主旋律。世界多極化和經濟全球化的趨勢深入發展,科技進步日新月異,區域合作方興未艾,各國相互依存不斷加深,這些都為世界各國帶來了難得的發展機遇。同時,全球發展不均衡,南北差距拉大,傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅相互交織,影響世界和平與發展的不穩定不確定因素增多,廣大發展中國家實現可持續發展面臨著嚴峻挑戰。
中國是最大的發展中國家,非洲是發展中國家最集中的大陸,中國和非洲的人口佔世界人口三分之一以上。沒有中國和非洲的和平與發展,就沒有世界的和平與發展。
Dear colleagues and friends,
The world today is undergoing profound and complex changes. But peace, development and cooperation remain the calling of the times. There is a growing trend towards multipolarity and economic globalization. Science and technology are making daily advance, regional cooperation is deepening and there is increasing interdependence among nations. All this has created rare development opportunities for the international community. On the other hand, imbalance in global development, widening gap between North and South, the combination of traditional and non-traditional security threats as well as increasing factors of instability and uncertainty standing in the way of peace and development all pose a daunting challenge to developing countries in their pursuit of sustainable development.
China is the largest developing country, and Africa is home to the largest number of developing countries. Our combined population accounts for over a third of the world total. Without peace and development in China and Africa, there will be no global peace and development.
在新形勢下,中非共同利益在擴大,相互需求在增加。建立中非新型戰略夥伴關系是中非合作的內在需要,也是促進世界和平與發展的必然要求。中非關系不斷發展,不僅有利於中國和非洲的發展進步,而且有利於促進發展中國家的團結合作,有利於推動建立公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序。為進一步發展中非新型戰略夥伴關系,中國願同非洲國家在以下領域加強合作。
第一,深化平等互信的政治關系。保持高層互訪和交往勢頭,建立定期高層政治對話機制,開展戰略對話,增強政治互信,加深傳統友誼,實現團結共進。
第二,拓展互利共贏的經濟合作。發揮各自優勢,密切經貿聯系,拓寬合作領域,支持雙方企業合作,提升人力資源開發合作水平,積極探索新的合作方式,共享發展成果。
第三,擴大相互借鑒的文化交流。加強人文對話,增進雙方人民特別是青年一代的相互了解和友誼,加強教育、科技、文化、衛生、體育、旅遊等領域的交流合作,為中非合作提供精神動力和文化支持。
第四,推動均衡和諧的全球發展。加強南南合作,推動南北對話,呼籲發達國家切實兌現市場准入、增加援助、減免債務等承諾,落實千年發展目標,促進經濟全球化朝著有利於實現各國共同繁榮的方向發展。
第五,加強相互支持的國際合作。維護聯合國憲章的宗旨和原則,尊重世界多樣性,促進國際關系民主化,倡導互信互利的國際安全合作,加強磋商和協調,照顧彼此關切,共同應對各類全球性安全威脅和挑戰。
In this new era, China and Africa share increasing common interests and have a growing mutual need. The forging of a new type of China-Africa strategic partnership is determined by the dynamics of China-Africa cooperation, and it represents our wish to promote global peace and development. Building strong ties between China and Africa will not only promote development of each side, but also help cement unity and cooperation among developing countries and contribute to establishing a just and equitable new international political and economic order. To enhance this new type of strategic partnership, China will strengthen cooperation with Africa in the following fields:
First, deepen political relation of equality and mutual trust. We will maintain high-level contacts and mutual visits, establish a regular high-level political dialogue mechanism and conct strategic dialogue to enhance mutual political trust and traditional friendship and achieve common progress through unity.
Second, broaden win-win economic cooperation. We will give full play to our respective strength, enhance economic and trade ties, broaden areas of cooperation, support cooperation between our business communities, upgrade cooperation in human resources development and explore new ways of cooperation so that both sides will share the benefits of development.
Third, expand exchange for cultural enrichment. We will strengthen cultural and people-to-people exchanges to increase mutual understanding and friendship between our two peoples and particularly between the younger generation. We will enhance exchanges and cooperation in ecation, science and technology, culture, public health, sports and tourism to provide intellectual motivation and cultural support for China-Africa cooperation.
Fourth, promote balanced and harmonious global development. We will enhance South-South cooperation and promote North-South dialogue. We urge developed countries to honour their promises on market access, aid and debt relief. We should strive to meet the Millennium Development Goals and steer economic globalisation in the direction of creating prosperity for all.
Fifth, strengthen cooperation and mutual support in international affairs. We are committed to upholding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, respecting diversity of the world and promoting democracy in international relations. We call for enhancing international security cooperation based on mutual trust and benefit and addressing each other's concerns through consultation and coordination so that we can jointly respond to threats and challenges to global security.
各位同事、各位朋友!
中國珍視中非友誼,始終把加強同非洲國家的團結合作作為中國外交政策的重要組成部分。中國將一如既往地支持非洲實施非洲發展新夥伴計劃,支持非洲國家為加強聯合自強、謀求地區和平穩定、實現經濟振興、提高國際地位所做的積極努力。
Dear colleagues and friends,
China values its friendship with Africa. To strengthen unity and cooperation with Africa is a key principle guiding China's foreign policy. China will continue to support Africa in implementing the New Partnership for Africa's Development and in its effort to strengthen itself through unity, achieve peace and stability and economic revitalisation in the region and raise its international standing.
為推動中非新型戰略夥伴關系發展,促進中非在更大范圍、更廣領域、更高層次上的合作,中國政府將採取以下8個方面的政策措施。
(一)擴大對非洲援助規模,到2009年使中國對非洲國家的援助規模比2006年增加1倍。
(二)今後3年內向非洲國家提供30億美元的優惠貸款和20億美元的優惠出口買方信貸。
(三)為鼓勵和支持中國企業到非洲投資,設立中非發展基金,基金總額逐步達到50億美元,
(四)為支持非洲國家聯合自強和一體化進程,援助建設非洲聯盟會議中心。
(五)免除同中國有外交關系的所有非洲重債窮國和最不發達國家截至2005年底到期的政府無息貸款債務。
(六)進一步向非洲開放市場,把同中國有外交關系的非洲最不發達國家輸華商品零關稅待遇受惠商品由190個稅目擴大到440多個。
(七)今後3年內在非洲國家建立3—5個境外經濟貿易合作區。
(八)今後3年內為非洲培訓培養15000名各類人才;向非洲派遣100名高級農業技術專家;在非洲建立10個有特色的農業技術示範中心;為非洲援助30所醫院,並提供3億元人民幣無償援款幫助非洲防治瘧疾,用於提供青蒿素葯品及設立30個抗瘧中心;向非洲派遣300名青年志願者;為非洲援助100所農村學校;在2009年之前,向非洲留學生提供中國政府獎學金名額由目前的每年2000人次增加到4000人次。
To forge a new type of China-Africa strategic partnership and strengthen our cooperation in more areas and at a higher level, the Chinese Government will take the following eight steps:
1. Double its 2006 assistance to Africa by 2009.
2. Provide US$3 billion of preferential loans and US$2 billion of preferential buyer's credits to Africa in the next three years.
3. Set up a China-Africa development fund which will reach US$5 billion to encourage Chinese companies to invest in Africa and provide support to them.
4. Build a conference centre for the African Union to support African countries in their efforts to strengthen themselves through unity and support the process of African integration.
5. Cancel debt in the form of all the interest-free government loans that matured at the end of 2005 owed by the heavily indebted poor countries and the least developed countries in Africa that have diplomatic relations with China.
6. Further open up China's market to Africa by increasing from 190 to over 440 the number of export items to China receiving zero-tariff treatment from the least developed countries in Africa having diplomatic ties with China.
7. Establish three to five trade and economic cooperation zones in Africa in the next three years.
8. Over the next three years, train 15,000 African professionals; send 100 senior agricultural experts to Africa; set up 10 special agricultural technology demonstration centres in Africa; build 30 hospitals in Africa and provide RMB 300 million of grant for providing artemisinin and building 30 malaria prevention and treatment centres to fight malaria in Africa; dispatch 300 youth volunteers to Africa; build 100 rural schools in Africa; and increase the number of Chinese government scholarships to African students from the current 2000 per year to 4000 per year by 2009.
各位同事、各位朋友!
中國和非洲都是人類文明的發祥地,都是充滿希望的熱土。共同的命運、共同的目標把我們緊緊團結在一起。中國永遠是非洲的好朋友、好夥伴、好兄弟。
讓我們攜手並肩、昂首闊步,為實現中非發展,為造福中非人民,為推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界而共同努力!
謝謝大家。
Dear colleagues and friends,
Both China and Africa are cradles of human civilisation and lands of great promise. Common destiny and common goals have brought us together. China will remain a close friend, reliable partner and good brother of Africa.
Let's join hands and endeavour to promote development in both China and Africa, improve the well-being of our peoples and build a harmonious world of enring peace and common prosperity!
Thank you.
尊敬的梅萊斯總理,
尊敬的各位同事、各位嘉賓,
女士們,先生們,朋友們:
今天是值得歷史記住的日子。我們中非領導人本著友誼、和平、合作、發展的宗旨,相聚北京,共敘友情,共商推動中非關系發展、促進發展中國家團結合作的大計。首先,我謹代表中國政府和中國人民,並以我個人的名義,對各位同事和嘉賓前來出席會議,表示熱烈的歡迎和衷心的感謝!我還要通過在座的非洲各國領導人,向兄弟的非洲人民轉達中國人民的親切問候和良好祝願!
2000年10月,中非共同倡議成立了中非合作論壇。這是中非深化傳統友誼、加強友好合作的重大舉措。6年來,論壇先後在北京和亞的斯亞貝巴成功舉辦了兩屆部長級會議,已成為中國同非洲國家開展集體對話、交流治國理政經驗、增進相互信任、進行務實合作的重要平台和有效機制。
Your Excellency Prime Minister Meles Zenawi,
Distinguished colleagues and guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,
Our meeting today will go down in history. We, leaders of China and African countries, in a common pursuit of friendship, peace, cooperation and development, are gathered in Beijing today to renew friendship, discuss ways of growing China-Africa relations and promote unity and cooperation among developing countries. On behalf of the Chinese Government and people and in my own name, I wish to extend a very warm welcome to you and deep appreciation to you for attending the Summit. I also want to extend, through the African leaders present today, the cordial greetings and best wishes of the Chinese people to the brotherly African people.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was jointly set up by China and Africa in October 2000, a major initiative taken to promote traditional China-Africa friendship and cooperation. In the six years since then, two ministerial conferences have been held, first in Beijing and then in Addis Ababa. Today, the Forum serves as an important platform and effective mechanism for concting collective dialogue, exchanging experience in governance and enhancing mutual trust and cooperation in practical terms between China and African countries.
E. 世界銀行是什麼樣的一個機構為什麼我國有些項目的建設要向世界銀行貸款
如果你對世界銀行、國家開發銀行了解一些就會知道,這類銀行是嚴格限定貸款種類和范圍的,主要是支持基礎建設,解決民生、商業銀行不願意進入的領域的項目,周期長、收益小、社會效益大的項目。這類銀行的主要特點除了以上幾點外就是貸前審查嚴格,對於項目評價更專業,據說要是想進世界銀行,最少要在項目評價部門工作八年以上,並且要有一定的資歷才行的。這類銀行的最大不同就是貸款利率上。比如在建設三峽工程時,在其他商業銀行還在猶豫時,國家開發銀行給三峽工程一次貸款300億並且給予了很大的利率優惠,對三峽的建設啟動資金有很大的幫助。同樣世界銀行的利率也是優惠的,甚至有些是無利息的,所以這就是這類銀行的主要特點。
世界銀行的總部設在華盛頓哥倫比亞特區。
F. 相關部門如何回應30億美元無息貸款促使中巴建交
據報道,6月13日中國和巴拿馬簽署建交聯合公報,決定自公報簽署之日起相互承認並建立外交關系。同時,巴拿馬共和國政府斷絕同台灣的所謂「外交關系」,並承諾不再同台灣發生任何官方關系,不進行任何官方往來,對此有媒體稱是大陸有提供30億美元的無息貸款而促使的中巴建交。
G. 中國對非洲的幾項援非政策具體是什麼
(一)擴大對非洲援助規模,到2009年使中國對非洲國家的援助規模比2006年增加1倍;
(二)今後3年內向非洲國家提供30億美元的優惠貸款和20億美元的優惠出口買方信貸;
(三)為鼓勵和支持中國企業到非洲投資,設立中非發展基金,基金總額逐步達到50億美元;
(四)為支持非洲國家聯合自強和一體化進程,援助建設非洲聯盟會議中心;
(五)免除同中國有外交關系的所有非洲重債窮國和最不發達國家截至2005年底到期的政府無息貸款債務;
(六)進一步向非洲開放市場,把同中國有外交關系的非洲最不發達國家輸華商品零關稅待遇受惠商品由190個稅目擴大到440多個;
(七)今後3年內在非洲國家建立3至5個境外經濟貿易合作區;
(八)今後3年內為非洲培訓培養15000名各類人才;向非洲派遣100名高級農業技術專家;在非洲建立10個有特色的農業技術示範中心;為非洲援助30所醫院,並提供3億元人民幣無償援款幫助非洲防治瘧疾,用於提供青蒿素葯品及設立30個抗瘧中心;向非洲派遣300名青年志願者;為非洲援助100所農村學校;在2009年之前,向非洲留學生提供中國政府獎學金名額由目前的每年2000人次增加到4000人次。
H. 中非基金一年能掙多少
中非基金一年能掙多少是要看個人的,不能確定具體的數值。中非發展基金採取獨立運作、市場化運作、自擔風險的方式進行運作和管理,非直接投資通過股權投資、准股權投資、基金投資,發揮橋梁作用,引導支持更多中國企業投資非洲,非洲投資咨詢基金可為國內外相關政府、機構和企業提供與非洲相關的各類咨詢服務,包括非洲信息咨詢服務、投資銀行業務、交易機會匹配、規劃咨詢等。
一、中國政府將擴大對非洲的援助規模
到2009年,援助規模將是今年的兩倍。中國將在未來3年向非洲國家提供30億美元貸款,以及20億美元優惠出口買方信貸。另又設立總額達50億美元的中非發展基金。同時,中國將免除所有非洲邦交國中的"重債窮國"和最不發達國家2005年底到期的政府無息貸款債務。胡錦濤宣布,為推動中非新型戰略夥伴關系發展。
二、2006年11月4日
中國政府在中非論壇北京峰會上宣布,為推動中非新型戰略夥伴關系發展,促進中非在更大范圍、更廣領域、更高層次上的合作,中國政府將採取8個方面的政策措施。其中第3項是:「為鼓勵和支持中國企業到非洲投資,設立中非發展基金,基金總額逐步達到50億美元」。中非發展基金的設立是2006年中非合作論壇北京峰會上中國政府宣布的對非務實合作的重要舉措之一,也是中國第一支專注於非洲投資的股權基金。
綜上所述,投資有風險,大部分基金不承諾保本,即使保本基金有持有期限等保本條件,以基金公司公告為准。如需查詢基金歷史凈值,可登錄網上銀行,點擊投資管理-基金-基金首頁-基金產品-基金簡稱-歷史凈值查詢。