『壹』 各種「貸款」的英文詞彙
instrial loan
工業貸款
agricultural loan
農業貸款
outstanding loans
未償貸款
loan office
貸款處
interest-free loans
無息貸款
ficiary loan
信用貸款
special-purpose loan
專項貸款
貌似全了吧~
『貳』 貸款的英文是什麼
provide a loane ,xtend credit to
『叄』 個人銀行貸款申請書 (英語)
個人貸款
申請書
Pesonal
Loan
Application
個人介紹
self-introction
申請貸款的原因
reason
for
the
loan
數額
amount
用途
purpose
如何保證還款
how
to
guarantee
my
repayment
『肆』 請高手幫忙翻譯成英文 銀行貸款承諾書 根據貴公司提供的資料,我行承諾在具備我行貸款條件的前提下,對貴
Xx project provides 100 million credit support
This loan agreement only for your company to the relevant departments to explain the project loans the implementation. Such as the national policy changes, project construction schemes and investment plan the significant adjustment and the project owners to proce great business change and other factors lead to this project doesn't accord with our bank lending ability cannot achieve our requirements, above shall be approved by our commitment to determine.
This loan undertaking issued only original effective date, heavy, lasts for 5 years
『伍』 貸款 英文怎麼說
貸款: [ dài kuǎn ]
1. loan
2. to (provide a) loan
其它相關解釋:
<credit (CR;CRD)> <accommodation> <borrowing> <lend> <loans> <lent> <lending>
例句與用法:
1. 你什麼時候付清最後一期分期貸款?
When will you pay the last installment of the loan?
2. 這家銀行現在給客戶貸款比以前多了。
The bank is accommodating its customers more than it used to.
3. 銀行拒絕再貸款給這家公司。
The bank refused further credits to the company.
4. 他們貸款收多少利息?
How much interest do they charge on loans?
5. 只需一筆貸款就能幫我擺脫困境。
A loan of money would help me out of my predicament.
6. 他不得不將土地抵押來申請貸款。
He will have to mortgage his land for a loan.
7. 他設法弄到一筆貸款買了一棟房子。
He managed to secure a loan to purchase a house.
8. 他向銀行經理提出貸款問題。
He broached the subject of a loan with his bank manager.
『陸』 寫一篇有關貸款的英語作文 ,寫明申請原因,數額1000,用途以及如何打算還款。急求,拜託了!
A letter of application for a student loan.
To whom it may concern,
I am writing to you to apply for a student loan. As a grade one studentsfrom the English Department, I continue to study the financial difficulties.Now apply for a loan of 1000 yuan!
There are five members in my family. My father is a pillar of the whole family, my mother laid off two years ago. My grandmother suffered fromchronic disease for more than five years. My brother is learning in high school now. I took a part-time job ring the summer vacation, but my income is far from enough for my tuition. In order to continue my study, I want to apply for a student loan.
If my application is approved, I will make good use of the money, the heartof me. I will repay loans on time according to the repayment terms. I hope you can consider my application. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
XXX
一個助學貸款申請信。
它可能關注的人,
我給你寫信申請學生貸款。作為一個來自英語系一年級的學生,我在繼續深造的財政困難。現在特申請1000元的貸款!
我的家庭有五個成員。我的父親是整個家庭的支柱,我的母親兩年前下崗了。我的祖母遭受五年以上的慢性疾病。我的弟弟現在在高中學習。我在暑假裡拿了一些兼職工作,但我的收入是遠遠不夠我的學費。為了繼續我的學習,我要申請學生貸款。
如果我的申請被批准,我會好好利用這筆錢,把我的心研究。我一定會償還貸款的時間根據還款條款。我希望你能考慮我的申請。期待你的回復。
你的真誠,
XXX
『柒』 貸款申請英文怎麼說
可以的,那個合同只要你沒有簽署,就沒有問題,可以向他們要求退的。
『捌』 給點關於中國汽車貸款發展的英文資料
China's central bank issues auto loans rules
The People's Bank of China, China's central bank, has issued draft rules on auto loans, a growing sector expected to give China's fast-accelerating car market a major boost.
The new regulations restrict the loan period to five years with maximum outlay of 80 per cent of the auto price, excluding taxes and insurance, the central bank said on its website.
Last month the China Banking Regulatory Commission gave the green light to General Motors Corp., Toyota Motor Corp. and Volkswagen AG to start offering car loans.
The three car giants are expected to set up auto-financing operations in China in about six months' time, the commission said.
Auto loans are forecast to increase by 80 billion yuan (US$9.6 billion) in 2003, up 71.6 billion yuan year-on-year from last year, according to a government report issued by the State Development and Reform Commission.
Over 100 billion yuan in loans were issued in 2002, according to state estimates, with China's big four banks -- China Construction Bank, Bank of China, Instrial and Commercial Bank of China and Agricultural Bank of China, controlling 90 per cent of the market.
The rules also provide regulatory guidelines for personal auto loans, distributor auto loans, group auto loans and risk management, the report said.
『玖』 銀行貸款用英語怎麼說
bank loans,英 [bæŋk ləʊn];美 [bæŋk loʊn]。
例句:
.
不久前你為了買新公寓向銀行申請了貸款?
重點單詞loan的用法
1、釋義
n.貸款;借出
v.借;供應貨款
2、用法
1)用作及物動詞S+~+ n./pron.
I have loaned his bicycle.
我把他的自行車給借出去了。
2)用作雙賓動詞S+~+ pron./n. + n./pron.
Can you loan me your tennis racket?
你能把網球拍借給我用一下嗎?
3)用作名詞 (n.)
The loan is interest free.
這貸款是無息的。
(9)貸款資料英文擴展閱讀
loan同近義詞辨析
1、loan, lease, lend這組詞都有「借出」的意思。其區別是:
lend 是最普通的用語,loan 指「貸與」「借與」,是財會上的正式用語,,一般不用於私人關系的借貸,但在美式英語中, loan 和lend兩個詞通用;lease一般指出租房屋、土地等不動產。
2、lend,borrow,loan這些動詞均含「借」之意。
1)lend指將自己的東西借出給別人,也可用於借喻意義。
2)borrow指從某人或某處借來某物,也可用作比喻。
3)loan指通過正式的手續,借數目較大的貸款。在美國也可指借出東西。
『拾』 急求一篇關於小微企業信用貸款的英文文獻,要有中文翻譯!!!急急急急急啊!!!
關於中國小微企業信貸發展文獻綜述
一.引言 小微企業在我國經濟發展中發揮著越來越重要的作用。據統計,目前我國小 微企業數量已佔到全國企業總數的99%以上,涵蓋了國民經濟的所有行業,它們對GDP的貢獻率超過60%,對稅收的貢獻率超過50%,並提供了80%的城鎮就業崗位,儼然成為國民經濟的重中之重。 然而,資金緊缺、融資困難卻一直制約著小微企業的發展壯大。一方面小微企業受自身規模小、固定資產少、會計制度不健全等問題困擾,不能給銀行提供充足的抵押品和銀行需要的相關材料;另一方面,管理不規范、制度不健全、信息不透明、信用不足也是制約小微企業從銀行獲得貸款的最大障礙。 以此為背景,筆者嘗試對該領域內主要貢獻者的觀點及建議進行歸納,並梳理其理論邏輯,力求理解小微企業,進而提出對於信貸的建議。具體講,從小微企業產生、發展和變遷的全過程看,它的特殊性究竟是什麼?我們如何將其引導到一種理想的未來狀態?大致從哪幾方面著手?具體的應對措施及建議是什麼?本文期望能為人們進一步尋求上述問題的答案提供一些有益的視角。 本文對文獻的綜述基本上按照論述對象的順序轉變安排進程。圍繞企業,銀行及政府三方面論述小微企業面臨的現狀及困境,對於整體的局勢以及趨勢有一個立體的了解並來提出部分建議。盡管文獻的視角各不相同,但都是基於改善中國小微企業面臨的困境,夯實發展基礎的初衷。
二.小微企業面臨的信貸困境及原因 融資渠道狹窄,融資困難。小微企業由於在投資規模、技術含量、競爭實力等方面處於弱勢地位,獲得和利用政策信息的渠道不通、能力不強,在融資方面難以享受與大中型企業的同等待遇[1]。目前小微企業融資渠道主要有銀行、小額貸款公司、擔保公司以及民間借貸等四種途徑。即使國家出台相關優惠政策支持小微企業融資,但基於融資成本、審批流程的考慮,小微企業或更傾向於通過親友借貸來解決融資需求,然而,資金規模卻相當有限。根據田耘在經濟研究導刊中發表的文章指出,國家統計局抽樣調查的3.8 萬家小微工業企業經營狀況顯示,僅有 15.5%的小微企業能夠獲得銀行貸款,年資金缺口近300億,近80%的小微企業面臨資金緊張[2]。盡管微小企業融資呈現出「渠道多元化、來源社會化、行為市場化」的趨勢,但總體規模偏小,資金偏緊,條件偏嚴。小微企業為了避免資金鏈斷裂,不得不轉向民間借貸。雖然民間貸款形式較多,但貸款利息高,條件苛刻,小微企業因為資金缺乏舉步維艱,其中不少企業處於倒閉、停產、半停產狀態,老闆頻頻「跑路」、人心浮躁。
三.小微企業會計代理風險管理 作為一種有效的會計解決方案和新型的社會性會計服務項目,會計代理被越來越多的小微企業所青睞。然而,根據陳軍所述,在會計代理過程中,各個相關主體都想使自己的利益得到最大化,於是就產生了各主體間的利益博弈關系[3];同時,會計代理制度不完善、委託人與會計代理機構之間信息不對稱、會計代理機構進入門檻低、從業人員業務水平不高等原因的存在,使得會計代理給相關主體帶來了多方面的風險:給小微企業帶來財務管理風險和經營管理風險,給會計代理機構帶來信譽風險,給相關客戶帶來經濟利益風險,給國家帶來稅收征繳風險。那麼如何加強小微企業會計代理風險管理,
四.基於銀行視角的小微企業信貸 我國目前小微企業貸款的開展並不理想,除了極少數銀行由於天時地利人和的原因成功走上規模效益道路之外,大部分銀行都陷入了進退兩難的境地。我國金融機構開展小微企業貸款真正實現盈利的不多,而把微貸業務作為自己核心業務的金融機構更是少之又少,那麼如何真正使小微企業從銀行等信貸機構獲得資本,創造盈利呢? 目前,充分利用供應鏈和小微企業的特點開發而成的「供應鏈金融」模式成為解決小微企業融資難和商業銀行增加新盈利渠道的雙贏選擇。楊海平,馮敏等認為,在供應鏈金融業務中,如何進行風險管理,從而有效控制和防範風險,是取得成功的關鍵所在[5]。而在供應鏈金融的風險管理中,信用風險是最為重要的問題,而且隨著信用交易規模的擴大,信用風險越來越大。目前,供應鏈金融業務發展時間不長,根據彭凱,向宇的研究可以推得,商業銀行對於此類業務信用風險的管理和控制尚未形成一套行之有效的方法,更沒有完善的專門適用於供應鏈金融產品的小微企業信用風險評價體系[6]。因此,建立一套適用於基於供應鏈金融的小微企業信用風險評價指標體系是目前迫切需要解決的問題。 基於供應鏈金融的小微企業信用風險評價是商業銀行為了從總體上分析小微企業的信用風險,不僅分析小微企業過去的信用和財務狀況,同時分析小微企業未來的現金流和財務狀況,以及小微企業所處供應鏈系統環境中的利益相關者對其信用風險的影響,以便掌握更多的資料,對小微企業的信用風險作出更加合理、公正的評價,以保證銀行信貸的安全性,並有針對性的對小微企業信貸過程中的風險進行有效控制[7] 。 建立一套適合供應鏈金融下的小微企業的信用風險評價體系,對小微企業來講,有利於小微企業合理分析和評價自身的綜合實力,通過不斷改善經營管理,提高自身的資信級別,便於商業銀行等金融機構按照企業的經營管理水平和信用狀況給予資金支持;對銀行機構來講,可以為商業銀行確定貸款風險程度和信貸資產風險管理提供重要的依據,提高小微企業違約成本,從而降低信貸風險[8];同時為監管部門的監管提供參考依據。 筆者認為,銀行等信貸機構在以人為本的業務發展理念基礎上,應該盡量將一些環節規范化、制度化、標准化,特別是一些大型銀行,可以憑借自己的技術優勢,嘗試建立和完善銀行自身的信用評分模型和數據信息庫,進行小微企業貸款的發放,這也是將來的趨勢。 五.政府在解決小微企業信貸難題中的作用 小微企業在國民經濟發展、就業問題解決、城鎮化推進、區域差距縮小等方面具有重要的作用,但是面臨融資難、融資成本高的困境。尤其是最近我國部分民營經濟發達地區出現民間借貸利率飆升、民間借貸糾紛增加、小微企業融資困境惡化等問題,引發了各方關注。政府在其中該起什麼作用,這是一個亟待回答的問題。從世界各國小微企業信貸的實踐來看,大量的政府幹預並沒有取得明顯的效果,甚至出現了「好心辦壞事」的結果,那麼政府應該怎麼介入,補貼怎麼花,這是關鍵。
現筆者總結了以下幾個建議:
(一)信貸基礎設施的完善
1. 信息環境的完善。一方面,對於關系型借貸而言,目前較為成功的小微企業信貸主要是依賴於社會資本。社會資本的形成以及社會資本在軟信息生產上具有明顯的規模收益遞增效應,這意味著政府的介入是必要的。另一方面,缺乏真實可信的財務報表是小微企業信息不透明的主要表現[9]。
稅務、審計等部門可以考慮根據不同行業的特徵設計小微企業的會計標准,設定簡化的、標准化的會計科目和流程[10]。
2. 法律環境的完善。我國在民間借貸方面的立法也幾乎是一篇空白。首先要從法律上對合法與不合法的民間借貸加以界定,特別是重新界定非法吸收公眾存款、非法集資和正常的民間融資等概念的界限,從而為民間借貸提供合法化的平台,推動民間借貸的陽光化。其次,通過法律的方式明確主要合法民間借貸的定義、借貸主體雙方的權利與義務、契約條款形式、交易方式等。第三,盡快從市場准入(包括注冊資本金額度、從業資格認證)、產權結構、經營業務種類、規模與區域范圍、監管、退出等方面對各類合法民間借貸中介加以規范。
(二)產業組織政策
政府的金融行業產業組織政策會深刻影響銀行信貸技術選擇、激勵機制安排,從而影響小微企業的信貸可得性。首先,就規模而言,應該重視地方性小銀行的發展,因為這些銀行更容易形成適應於微型企業信貸需求特徵的信貸技術創新和內部組織結構[11],在這一方面比傳統大型銀行具有比較優勢,因此其市場定位不同於傳統大型銀行。所以,「由大銀行服務大企業、小銀行服務小企業」的理念基本上形成了共識,通過多層次的金融規模結構來滿足不同規模層次企業融資需求的觀念深入人心。但是,具體到政策層面,這種理念在實現的過程中並不通暢。這在一定程度上與產權結構有關。汪興隆也在文中駁「大中型商業銀行天然不適合小微企業金融服務」這一觀點,並進行了詳盡的論述[12]。
因此,筆者認為,應該鼓勵一些在小微企業信貸方面經營能力突出的優秀社區銀行以銀行集團公司的模式實現跨地區經營,促進成功的小微企業信貸經營理念、技術與組織結構的推廣,這可以在更大范圍內更好得為小微企業的信貸服務。其次,在促進小微企業信貸的組織政策上,最核心的是要促進競爭。放寬小微金融機構的市場准入門檻,組建足夠多的小微金融機構,促進小微企業信貸市場的競爭是產業組織政策的關鍵。人為抑制規模擴張、地域擴張來迫使銀行對小微企業進行借貸的政策並不一定有效,促進充分競爭,才能真正解決小微企業信貸難的問題。
(三)放鬆小微金融機構的規制
1.要放寬小微金融機構的准入條件[13]。大量發展地方性的小微金融機構,是形成充分競爭的地方小微企業信貸市場的前提,是民間借貸規范化的主要途徑,也是解決小微企業信貸難的關鍵措施。
2.要適當放鬆對小微金融機構的監管,可適當放寬「只貸不存」類金融機構在信息披露、會計准則、風險控制乃至資本充足等方面的監管標准,降低小微企業金融服務成本。
3.在緊縮的宏觀調控中要避免誤傷小微金融機構和小微企業,通過結構性的政策放鬆對小微企業的信貸。
4.要放鬆利率管制[14]。微型企業信貸的單位成本以及風險偏高,人為壓低利
率導致貸款收益無法彌補其成本,直接制約了微型企業信貸的供給。鑒於微型企業較高的資本回報率,覆蓋成本和風險的市場化利率設定機制是商業化小微企業信貸的前提條件。同時,需要引入彈性利率制度安排,利率隨借款人的風險、次數而調整,有助於降低銀行經營風險和形成對小微企業的動態激勵。 六.總結 在國內外復雜的經濟形勢下,中國多數小微企業經營狀況不好,收益微薄,困難重重。小微企業關乎國計民生,關乎實體經濟的健康發展。本文結合文獻,分析了當前中國小微企業信貸發展中存在的各方面問題及原因,並提出了部分建議,希望其通過不斷改善經營管理,提高自身的資信級別,便於商業銀行等金融機構按照企業的經營管理水平和信用狀況給予資金支持;對銀行機構來講,可以為商業銀行確定貸款風險程度和信貸資產風險管理提供重要的依據,提高小微企業違約成本,從而降低信貸風險;同時為監管部門的監管提供參考依據。支持小微企業健康發展,對於中國經濟克服國際金融危機影響,保持平穩較快發展,具有重要的戰略意義。
英語:
A summary of the development of literature China Small and micro businesses credit
I. Introction Small and micro businesses plays a more and more important role in China's economic development.According to statistics, at present, the number of China'sSmall and micro businesses have been accounted for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises, covering allsectors of the national economy, their contribution to the GDP rate of more than 60%, the contribution of the tax rate is more than 50%, and provide 80% of urban jobs, has become a national priority among priorities economy.However, the shortage of funds, financing difficulties has restricted the development of Small and micro businessesgrow. On the one hand Small and micro businesses by itssmall scale, less fixed assets, the accounting system is not perfect and other problems, not to the bank to provide relevant materials need adequate collateral and bank; on the other hand, nonstandard management, system is not perfect, information opaque, insufficient credit also is the biggest obstacle to obtain loans from banks to small and micro enterprises. Taking this as the background, the author tries to summarize the opinion and suggestion to the main contributor to the field, and analyzing its theoretical logic, and strive to understand the Small and micro businesses, and then puts forward suggestions for credit.In particular, the whole process of development andevolution from micro enterprises, look, what is theparticularity of it? How can we be directed to an ideal future state? To roughly from what aspects? What is the counter measures and suggestions for specific? To provide some useful perspective this paper further hope for people seeking answers to the above questions. This paper reviewed the documents in accordance with the order ofthe object basically change the arrangement process.Around the three aspects of enterprises, banks and government discusses the status quo and difficulties Small and micro businesses, for the overall situation and trendshave a solid understanding of and to put forward some suggestions. Although the perspective of literature each are not identical, but are improving China Small and micro businesses face difficulties based on the original intention,firm the development foundation.
Two. Facing Small and micro businesses creditpredicament and cause the narrow channels of financing,financing difficulties. Small and micro businesses e to a weak position in the scale of investment, technology,competition and so on, access to and use of policy information channel is obstructed, ability is not strong,financing difficult to enjoy equal treatment with [1] in large and medium sized enterprises. At present Small and micro businesses financing channels mainly has four ways banks,small loan companies, Guarantee Corporation and private lending. Even if the state issued the relevant preferential policies to support Small and micro businesses financing,but the financing cost, the approval process based on the consideration of Small and micro businesses, or more inclined to friends and relatives lending to solve the financing demand, however, the size of funds is verylimited. According to Tian Yun in the economic research guide in the published article pointed out, the National Bureau of statistics sampling survey of 3.8 thousands of small micro enterprise management status, Small and micro businesses only 15.5% able to obtain bank loans, financing gap of nearly 30000000000 years, Small and micro businesses near 80% face financial strain [2]. Although the financing of small enterprises showing a "channel diversification, socialization, marketization of sourcebehavior" trend, but the overall scale is small, the fund is tight, strict conditions. Small and micro businesses in order to avoid the fund chain break, had to turn to private lending. Although the form of more folk loans, but loanshigh interest, harsh conditions, Small and micro businessesbecause of lack of funds difficult, many enterprises are closed down, stop proction, semi shutdown state, the boss frequently "Run away", impetuous.
Three. Small and micro businesses accounting agency risk management as an effective accounting solutions and newsocial accounting services, accounting agents are more and more Small and micro businesses favor. However,according to Chen Jun said, in the process of accounting,the related subject all want to make their own interests to maximize, and thus the game among the interests of subjects between [3]; at the same time, between accountingagency system is not perfect, the principal and theaccounting agency information asymmetry, accountingagency enters a doorsill low, staff service level not higherreasons, the accounting agency risks in many aspectsrelated to the subject: bring the financial management risk and operational risk management to Small and micro businesses, brings credit risk to accounting agency, bring economic benefits to the customer risk, brought to the country tax collection risk. So how to strengthen the Small and micro businesses accounting agency risk management,
Four. The credit Small and micro businesses banks based on China's current development Small and micro businesses loans are not ideal, apart from a few banks e to the right place at the right time